Our brains are truly extraordinary! – About neuroplasticity.
Our brains are truly extraordinary.: unlike computers, which are built to certain specifications and receive regular software updates, our brains can receive “hardware updates” in addition to “software updates.” Different pathways develop and lie dormant, are created and discarded, according to our experiences.
When we learn something new, we create new connections between our neurons. We reprogram our brains to adapt to new circumstances. This happens on a daily basis, but it's also something that we can encourage and stimulate.
Neuroplasticity, also known as neuroplasticity or brain plasticity, is a process that involves structural and functional changes in the brain. It refers to the ability of the nervous system to change its function and connections in response to external or internal stimuli after injury, such as stroke or physical trauma. It is a particularly researched area in stroke.
Neuroplasticity was first mentioned in 1948, but became popular in the United States in 1949. A well-known example is phantom limb mirror therapy. Basically, the patient's missing limb is covered with a mirror and then they perform various exercises while directing their attention to the existing limb. This has been shown to result in increased activation and functional connectivity.
The process of plasticity itself can be divided into three phases in chronological order:
- The first 48 hours
- The following weeks
- Months following weeks
Neuroplasticity encompasses several processes, but we would highlight three in terms of clinical applicability:
- Synaptic plasticity
- Reorganization of operations
- Diaschisis, i.e. a decrease in the transmission of impulses in the nerve pathways
As research further uncovers the functional connections in the brain and what influences these connections, we will be able to develop more targeted therapies to help the brain recover its functions more quickly and fully.
How can we use it in movement therapy?
One of the most effective, modern rehabilitation approaches is ARNI method (Action for Rehabilitation from Neurological Injury), which focuses on active recovery and the acquisition of skills necessary for independent living. The methodology used at the Stroke Neuro Rehab Center aims to help stroke patients through personalized, intensive training.
The ARNI therapy is based on the reprogramming of the brain, i.e. the conscious exploitation of neuroplasticity through functional exercises. During the training, patients spend 4–5 hours a day with targeted movement therapy, led by trained SNR®/ARNI physiotherapists. The program includes task-oriented exercise, specific strength development, and teaching physical coping strategies that enable a return to independent daily life.
The uniqueness of the ARNI method lies in the fact that it not only seeks to stimulate the areas of the brain responsible for movement, but also places great emphasis on rebuilding the entire body image, stimulating circulation and maintaining motivation. The results achieved during the training can be fast and spectacular, contributing to strengthening the patients' self-confidence.
Although brain injuries - whether internal or external - undoubtedly leave a psychological mark, improvement can be achieved through research and use of neuroplasticity, movement therapies and exercises, and environmental changes.
